1. j1簽證到期后可待多久
一般是給一年多次往返有效簽證,但也有例外,比如一次性給半年的有效簽證,具體在面談時(shí)由簽證官?zèng)Q定。
2. j-1簽證
美國(guó)高中留學(xué)簽證有兩類(lèi):J-1和F-1。
J1:J-1指國(guó)際交換生簽證,限期為一年,而且有附帶的限制性條款,即學(xué)生交流期滿,務(wù)必回國(guó),且回國(guó)后定然其間內(nèi),不能再次申請(qǐng)學(xué)生簽證。
F1:F-1指到美國(guó)就讀中學(xué)的學(xué)生簽證,限期根據(jù)學(xué)生在學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)光陰而定。
F-1簽證是簽發(fā)給在美國(guó)政府認(rèn)可的全日制學(xué)校就讀的外國(guó)學(xué)生的一種簽證。這些學(xué)??梢允敲绹?guó)政府所認(rèn)可的大學(xué)、學(xué)院、專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)校、中小學(xué)校、技術(shù)或職業(yè)學(xué)校、語(yǔ)言學(xué)校等。在這些學(xué)校就讀的外國(guó)學(xué)生所進(jìn)行的是較長(zhǎng)光陰的正式學(xué)習(xí),目的是完成學(xué)校所規(guī)定的學(xué)業(yè),獲得學(xué)位,畢業(yè)證書(shū)或?qū)W歷證明。
F-1簽證頂事期長(zhǎng),一般為5年頂事,持該簽證一旦進(jìn)入美國(guó),只要保持登記學(xué)生身份,居留期可長(zhǎng)達(dá)8年。而且,如果沒(méi)有特殊情況,簽證不用延期。該簽證在頂事期內(nèi),可以自由出入美國(guó),只要不中止學(xué)業(yè),在出入光陰上沒(méi)有限制。可以攜帶家眷共同赴美,可以有限地工作,也可向移民局申請(qǐng)工作許可。
如果因?yàn)榻】祷驅(qū)W術(shù)上的原因,可以減少課程或?qū)W時(shí),不必進(jìn)行全日制學(xué)習(xí),一起仍然保持其學(xué)生簽證,而且不用向移民局申請(qǐng)獲準(zhǔn),只要有學(xué)校的專(zhuān)任官員書(shū)面認(rèn)可。
就高中生而言,一般到美國(guó)中學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)光陰是30多個(gè)月,具體會(huì)根據(jù)學(xué)生所就讀的年級(jí)而定。
美國(guó)高中簽證形勢(shì)對(duì)于小留學(xué)生們?nèi)匀缓車(chē)?yán)峻,赴美讀高中在簽證路上仍然存在著攔路的老虎。
首先,赴美學(xué)習(xí)的必要性。
對(duì)于簽證官而言,為什么不在國(guó)內(nèi)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)而是去美國(guó)讀高中的原因是判斷學(xué)生是否擁有移民傾向的一個(gè)重要方面。只有通過(guò)真實(shí)、明確的學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)劃才能說(shuō)明自己出國(guó)讀書(shū)的必要性。有的學(xué)生對(duì)于即將就讀的學(xué)校一無(wú)所知,也沒(méi)有清晰的未來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)劃,只是泛泛地談?wù)撁绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、教學(xué)質(zhì)量高,這是很難說(shuō)服簽證官的。
第二,資金的充足及真實(shí)。
由于在美國(guó)讀中學(xué)很少能獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,而且學(xué)生年紀(jì)小,很難通過(guò)校園工作獲得收入,因此足夠的資金是中學(xué)生簽證的一個(gè)難題。資金的來(lái)源不僅要充足,而且要合理,資金的供給人應(yīng)該和學(xué)生有緊密的關(guān)系并愿意供給資金。學(xué)生不僅要能夠清晰地說(shuō)明資金來(lái)源,一起攜帶的資金證明也要完整頂事。
第三,學(xué)生的住宿情況。
由于學(xué)生的年齡小,不能夠單獨(dú)居住,務(wù)必住在寄宿學(xué)校、寄宿家庭或者親眷家中,這些都要和簽證官闡述清晰。沒(méi)有明確、合法的監(jiān)護(hù)人,就不能得到簽證。
第四,是否有親眷在美國(guó)。
這是一個(gè)關(guān)于是否有移民傾向的敏感問(wèn)題,務(wù)必根據(jù)具體情況合理說(shuō)明,即不能欺騙,又要表明自己沒(méi)有移民傾向。由于中學(xué)生普遍年紀(jì)小,這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以根據(jù)一己情況具體分析,給出合情合理的解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)服簽證官。
第五,學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平。
一般對(duì)于去美國(guó)讀中學(xué)的學(xué)生都有定然的英語(yǔ)水平要求,如果太差,在美國(guó)上學(xué)聽(tīng)不懂老師講課,跟不上學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度,生活上也會(huì)遇到困難,因此,如果簽證官感覺(jué)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平不足以應(yīng)付在美國(guó)的生活、學(xué)習(xí),拒簽就在所難免了。
第六,學(xué)生的年齡。
赴美讀高中的學(xué)生,年齡不能太大,要和國(guó)內(nèi)就讀年級(jí)的學(xué)生相當(dāng),年齡太大或者明顯超出就讀年級(jí)的正常值,簽證中也會(huì)遇到困難。要知道,這些簽證官都經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練,并且各個(gè)都是中國(guó)通。
3. j1簽證過(guò)期多少天必須離境
有很多種方法:
1.父母辦學(xué)生簽證,孩子陪讀可以上公立學(xué)校;
2.父母辦L1,孩子也可以讀公立學(xué)校;
3.孩子自己辦學(xué)生簽證,讀私立學(xué)校;
4.孩子自己持旅游簽證入境,身份轉(zhuǎn)換為學(xué)生,讀私立學(xué)校;
5.父母辦J1交流學(xué)者,孩子陪讀,可以讀公立學(xué)校??傊椒ê芏?,取決于家長(zhǎng)的學(xué)歷和經(jīng)濟(jì)情況
4. j1簽證可以回國(guó)30天以上嗎
目前J1簽證遇到行政審查的幾率比之前要高了,之所以出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)槭桂^那邊短時(shí)間內(nèi)還確定不了是否給您批發(fā)這個(gè)簽證,他們需要進(jìn)一步的審核來(lái)判斷您的各方面資料是怎么樣的,然后在來(lái)做最后的決定。
行政審查的時(shí)間一般都是不固定的,快的話一兩個(gè)月就出來(lái)了,慢的甚至有半年或者是一年的呢,不過(guò)您也不用太擔(dān)心,只要您的資料都是真實(shí)的,而且也都符合要求,簽證官該過(guò)的還是會(huì)給您過(guò)的。
我們是具有30多年簽證拒簽再簽經(jīng)驗(yàn)的簽證研究機(jī)構(gòu),經(jīng)過(guò)30多年實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累總結(jié)了一套解決疑難簽證和被多次拒簽后如何避免下次再次被拒簽的“簽證秘笈”,可以“私信”我們回復(fù)“簽證秘笈”,我們會(huì)推送給您。
5. j1簽證有效期
美國(guó)J1簽證有效期和停留期都是跟DS-2019表時(shí)間一致的,簽證官會(huì)根據(jù)您提交的DS-2019表上的時(shí)間來(lái)給予J1簽證有效期,一般是6個(gè)月到5年不等。
J1簽證有效期一般從6個(gè)月至5年不等,但一般都會(huì)只給一年。簽證官依據(jù)交流訪問(wèn)的期限來(lái)給,簽證會(huì)給到一旦訪問(wèn)結(jié)束后到期,一些做博士后的交流活動(dòng)一年可能完不成,所以J1簽證有效期會(huì)給得更長(zhǎng)。
6. j1簽證有 nie
學(xué)習(xí)古箏要先有濃厚的興趣,興趣是最好的教師,沒(méi)有興趣學(xué)什么都提不起精力,只會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。因而學(xué)古箏必定要本人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的喜愛(ài),那樣才能學(xué)得更好。
了解古箏
古箏又名漢箏、秦箏、瑤箏、鸞箏,是中國(guó)漢民族傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器中的箏樂(lè)器,屬于彈撥樂(lè)器。它是中國(guó)獨(dú)特的、重要的民族樂(lè)器之一。它的音色優(yōu)美,音域?qū)拸V、演奏技巧豐富,具有相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)力,因此它深受廣大人民群眾的喜愛(ài)。
古箏的種類(lèi)
古箏分低檔古箏、中檔古箏、高檔古箏三種。
一、低檔古箏是由普通木板做出框架,做工較粗躁,以花梨酸枝木貼皮,這種古箏聲音較悶,彈不出古箏的韻味兒。
二、中檔古箏琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用泡桐木,這種琴做工規(guī)范,彈出了古箏的韻味,但和中高檔琴比音色要遜色很多。
中高檔古箏是采用黑檀木老紅木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用泡桐木,這種材料做出的古箏音色清脆,韻味漸濃。
三、高檔古箏做工嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),選料精細(xì),采用紫檀木血檀(雪檀)木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用優(yōu)質(zhì)泡桐木。
近年雪檀已盡絕跡,紫檀也越來(lái)越少,這種材料做出的古箏音色純正,顆粒性強(qiáng),琴聲韻味十足,余音較長(zhǎng),即余音繞梁乃三日不絕。
古箏分南北嗎?
因?yàn)楸狈綒夂蚋稍铮殴~使用中容易開(kāi)裂,所以就流傳出南箏、北箏的說(shuō)法。
其實(shí)古箏是不分南北箏的,有些商家就是抓住了“古箏開(kāi)裂”這一痛點(diǎn),推出了南北箏這一概念。
古箏是不分南北的,也就是不分南北用琴。古箏核心面板都是泡桐木,泡桐木產(chǎn)自河南蘭考,如果將河南產(chǎn)的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古箏,拿回西安加工就成了北方古箏,這顯然是說(shuō)不通的。買(mǎi)古箏時(shí)最重要的是買(mǎi)適合自己的箏,且注意對(duì)其保養(yǎng)就行。
古箏琴弦
古箏是中國(guó)古老的民族樂(lè)器,距今已有兩千五百多年的歷史。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)古箏有21根弦。從最細(xì)的弦到最粗的弦,依次編號(hào)為1~21。
最初的古箏,只有5根弦。經(jīng)秦國(guó)著名將蒙恬改造后,古箏發(fā)展到12弦。在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下,應(yīng)該說(shuō)是對(duì)古箏成功的改革。12弦古箏延續(xù)使用了數(shù)百年,直到唐朝后期才出現(xiàn)了13弦古箏。
隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,古箏的弦數(shù)也越來(lái)越多,音域也越來(lái)越寬。出現(xiàn)了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等,直到今天,發(fā)展成為通用的21弦。
箏身長(zhǎng)1.63米的21弦古箏,被稱(chēng)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箏。箏弦,也由過(guò)去的絲,動(dòng)物筋等生物性材料制作,改為現(xiàn)在的鋼絲弦和尼龍纏弦。
隨著箏弦的增加,箏的體積也在增大。發(fā)展到今天,已成為一種古樸典雅的民族樂(lè)器。
古箏基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
古箏的定義:彈撥弦鳴樂(lè)器。
一共有 21 根琴弦,包含 17 根弦和 4 根綠弦
1、琴弦:現(xiàn)多用尼龍纏弦,以不同型號(hào)的鋼絲外面纏以尼龍絲制成的。
2、琴碼(又稱(chēng):雁柱):支撐琴弦,琴碼的右側(cè)為演奏區(qū)域,左側(cè)為左手補(bǔ)韻的裝飾音區(qū)域。
3、岳山:分為前岳山,后岳山,分別鑲嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。
4、面板:琴面略有弧度的木板。
5、調(diào)弦盒:內(nèi)有弦軸,用于調(diào)音;琴盒內(nèi)可以放指甲,琴扳手等物件。
認(rèn)識(shí)SOL
認(rèn)識(shí)簡(jiǎn)譜
簡(jiǎn)譜:簡(jiǎn)譜中用以表示音的高低及相互關(guān)系的基本符號(hào)為七個(gè)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,即1、2、3、4、5、6、7,唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi,稱(chēng)為唱名。
唱名:do re mi fa sol la xi
音名:C D E F G A B 這個(gè)就是用來(lái)記固定音高的符號(hào)。
在簡(jiǎn)譜中表達(dá)高低音一般會(huì)在上下兩個(gè)方向添加小圓點(diǎn)。
中音是1234567那么低音表達(dá)就是在這些數(shù)字現(xiàn)面加一個(gè)小圓點(diǎn),高音就是在數(shù)字上面加一點(diǎn),上面加二個(gè)點(diǎn)為倍高音,加三個(gè)點(diǎn)為超高音。反之下面亦如此為倍低音、超低音等以此類(lèi)推。
除了音的高低外,簡(jiǎn)譜還有一個(gè)重要的因素就是音的長(zhǎng)短,簡(jiǎn)譜音的長(zhǎng)短有多種表達(dá)方式,如基本的加小橫線的方式。
如果還不太懂的朋友,可以看看古箏簡(jiǎn)譜入門(mén)課程,介紹的非常詳細(xì):https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
五聲調(diào)音
古箏采用的是五聲音節(jié),由這五個(gè)音構(gòu)成的調(diào)式是五聲調(diào)式。所以古箏琴弦上沒(méi)有4(fa)和7(si)。
琴弦排列分組
箏架和姿勢(shì)
彈箏的姿勢(shì)有多種,一般采用坐式,要求坐姿端正,精神飽滿、動(dòng)作自然。古代采用過(guò)盤(pán)式、跪式。
由于流派的不同,箏的放置位置、箏架、琴凳也不同。
有的用琴桌式箏架,有的用類(lèi)似人字形的箏架,還有的就放在腿上演奏。
采用琴桌式箏架比較穩(wěn)因、牢靠,琴桌的面板有助于箏的共鳴。琴桌的大小應(yīng)適當(dāng),恰好放穩(wěn)箏的四個(gè)角;箏與琴桌之間有一定的空隙,以便于出音;琴桌的高低適合放腿為宜。此外,琴桌的造型應(yīng)美觀大方。
如采用類(lèi)似人字形折疊箏架,應(yīng)注意箏體能放置平穩(wěn),避免演奏中搖晃。
如采用小箏放在腿上演奏,小箏箏頭底部應(yīng)加箏托,以防止上身過(guò)前傾,腿部不要擋住出音孔,琴凳不要過(guò)高,箏尾支架的高度應(yīng)與琴凳高度相當(dāng)或略高。琴凳離箏體要近,尤其彈奏寬大的、弦數(shù)多的箏,一般身體前側(cè)距箏體大約有6厘米至10厘米,應(yīng)坐在靠近前岳山的位置上,坐的高低位置,應(yīng)以方便演奏,便充分發(fā)揮技巧為原則。身體離琴過(guò)遠(yuǎn),將使右手演奏困難,影響對(duì)觸弦的控制;離琴過(guò)近,左手按弦困難,右手撥弦不方便;坐的位置過(guò)高時(shí),上身容易前傾;坐的位置過(guò)低時(shí),容易緊張。
彈箏的姿勢(shì),一般采用坐式,演奏者坐的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)該是:兩腿自然分開(kāi),上身端正,兩臂和雙手松弛而自然抬起,精神飽滿,態(tài)度自然。在演奏時(shí)既不要駝背也不要過(guò)分挺胸;既不要拘緊,也不要松垮。切忌搖頭晃腦、腳打拍子等壞毛病。
正確的演奏姿勢(shì)是:右腳蹬在固定箏架的踏板上,頭部略俯視,雙手按樂(lè)曲開(kāi)頭的指法自然伸出,做好彈奏準(zhǔn)備。
如何選擇古箏
古箏的統(tǒng)一規(guī)格為:1.63米,21弦。一臺(tái)古箏的音質(zhì)取決于面板和琴弦,面板以陽(yáng)面中段為最佳,陽(yáng)面是指整株桐木置于水中,露出水面的一面為陽(yáng)面,去頭斬尾為中段,一般以9-12年樹(shù)齡的桐木為最佳,尤以河南蘭考的桐木為最佳,沙土地,木質(zhì)疏松,利于音質(zhì)的傳導(dǎo)。
初學(xué)者在購(gòu)買(mǎi)古箏的時(shí)候一般不知道如何選擇,市場(chǎng)上售賣(mài)的有練習(xí)箏、演奏古箏兩種。
練習(xí)箏的制作較為簡(jiǎn)單,一般都是不包邊的,而演奏箏的工藝更復(fù)雜,也更精美。 同時(shí),會(huì)因?yàn)槟绢^的品質(zhì),和穿弦孔的工藝不同而導(dǎo)致音色和手感的不同。
演出箏對(duì)音色的要求更嚴(yán)格,音色要亮,所以價(jià)格一般比練習(xí)箏的價(jià)格貴。
古箏的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單也簡(jiǎn)單,但是要讓這簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)出美妙的音樂(lè)就是技術(shù)活了。決定音色品質(zhì)重要的部分是面板的等級(jí),其次箏碼、整體做工、制作工藝等,邊板材質(zhì)起到裝飾古箏的作用,不建議作為選箏的重點(diǎn)。
古箏作為樂(lè)器其音色品質(zhì)才是其價(jià)值的體現(xiàn),而價(jià)值也是決定價(jià)格的原因,這也就是為什么古箏的價(jià)格會(huì)有如此大的差異。
我們選購(gòu)古箏的時(shí)候首先要考慮古箏的音色問(wèn)題,購(gòu)買(mǎi)音色較好的古箏,如果是作為古箏學(xué)習(xí)者,練習(xí)箏也不要買(mǎi)太次的,那會(huì)影響自己的聽(tīng)力,和審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
學(xué)習(xí)古箏
學(xué)戴義甲
大指:將義甲戴在指肚上,向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴
食指、中指:將義甲戴在指肚上,順指甲生長(zhǎng)方向直戴
注意:佩戴時(shí)義甲不要擋住手指的關(guān)節(jié);膠布的一半應(yīng)覆蓋在自己本身的指甲上。
選擇指甲
古箏指甲首先要選擇合適自身手指的長(zhǎng)度,選擇的指甲要和自己的手指第一節(jié)的長(zhǎng)度相匹配,通常都是選擇中號(hào)。指甲面選擇寬點(diǎn)、上方尖點(diǎn),不需要太厚的指甲面。古箏指甲材質(zhì)很多,有塑料、樹(shù)脂、玳瑁的,三種材質(zhì)對(duì)比,玳瑁的比其它兩種的好,對(duì)琴弦沒(méi)有多大的磨損,但價(jià)格比較貴,塑料和樹(shù)脂對(duì)琴弦的磨損就比較嚴(yán)重。
挑選玳瑁方法
1、強(qiáng)光照射法:把玳瑁放在太陽(yáng)底下或者電筒光下投射,如果看見(jiàn)花紋、透明血絲狀在甲片里,就是真品。偽劣產(chǎn)品呈現(xiàn)的血絲在甲面上是片狀的,還有斑紋呆板或者團(tuán)塊狀。
2、燃燒法:刮一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的指甲點(diǎn)燃,或者用加熱的針觸碰指甲面,真品就會(huì)散發(fā)出燒焦頭發(fā)的味道,偽劣產(chǎn)品是散發(fā)其它的味道,比如樟腦的味道、塑膠的味道、醋味等。
分辨琴弦
古箏的琴弦有21根弦,共有兩種顏色,白色琴弦、綠色(或紅色)琴弦。
綠色(或紅色)琴弦都唱“5”(sol),共有四根綠色(或紅色)琴弦,有粗有細(xì),由細(xì)到粗,分別代表
高音5;中音5;低音5;倍低音5
第一根到第五根琴弦為倍低音,表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加兩個(gè)點(diǎn);接下來(lái)五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6,下面點(diǎn)一個(gè)點(diǎn);在后面五根弦是中音區(qū),1、2、3、5、6。接下來(lái)是高音區(qū),五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一個(gè)點(diǎn);最后一根為倍高音do,1上面加兩個(gè)點(diǎn)。
練習(xí)古箏步驟
彈古箏,首先要保持正確的姿勢(shì)。兩只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲,你可以買(mǎi)兩卷醫(yī)用膠帶,一卷放手上保持手背的平直,另一卷用來(lái)配戴指甲。
眼睛平視樂(lè)譜,身體坐好,接下來(lái)開(kāi)始古箏的練習(xí)。
佩戴指甲
彈奏古箏之前先要佩戴好指甲,指甲的大小應(yīng)和手指第一關(guān)節(jié)差不多,戴在第一關(guān)節(jié)往上一點(diǎn),膠布纏在第一關(guān)節(jié)中間,不要影響關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)處,大指纏帶方法與其他指不同,假指甲向內(nèi)與指尖呈45度角,左右相對(duì)。
熟悉古箏音階
音樂(lè)的七個(gè)基本音階1(do)2(re)3(mi)4(fa)5(sol)6(la)7(si),古箏是五聲音階,沒(méi)有4和7,只有1、2、3、5、6。
練習(xí)古箏指法
古箏演奏中常用到指法:勾、托、抹、劈、剔、挑、提、花指、搖指、琶音、泛音、按音、揉音、大撮、小撮、顫音、滑音等。
托-大拇指向外彈弦。?
劈-大拇指向里彈弦。
抹-食指向里彈弦。?
挑-食指向外彈弦。?
勾-中指向里彈弦。?
剔-中指向外彈弦。?
提-無(wú)名指向里彈弦。?
連托-大拇指向外連續(xù)彈弦。?
連抹-食指向外連續(xù)彈弦。?
大撮-大拇指向外,中指向里同時(shí)彈兩弦。?
小撮-大拇指向外,食指向里同時(shí)彈兩弦。?
雙托-大拇指同時(shí)向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦。?
雙抹-食指同時(shí)向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦。?
八度雙托-大拇指向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦,同時(shí)中指在低八度另一音,三陰同時(shí)奏響。?
搖指-大拇指連續(xù)托劈。?
琶音-左手或右手用三個(gè)或四個(gè)手指按順序彈奏不同的音。?
泛音-左手食指在發(fā)音弦1/2處輕貼弦,右手彈弦發(fā)音。?
花指-大拇指迅速連托數(shù)弦。?
向上刮奏-在箏弦上由低音向高音的劃奏。?
向下刮奏-在箏弦上由高音向低音的劃奏。
揉音或顫音-根據(jù)音樂(lè)的不同風(fēng)格分類(lèi),是揉音類(lèi)的,揉動(dòng)較平和;是顫音類(lèi)的,音波較密,也較有地方風(fēng)格。?
重顫音-用力較重的顫音。?
按音-在弦上按出的音。?
上滑音-右手彈弦后,左手按弦,使音由低向高滑動(dòng)。
下滑音-左手先按弦,右手彈奏后逐漸松弦。?
回滑音-右手彈弦之后,左手按弦使音由低向高又有高向低滑動(dòng)數(shù)次。?
左手點(diǎn)音-左手馬子左側(cè)先輕點(diǎn)或輕輕快速下滑。
下圖是古箏指法符號(hào)對(duì)照表,在看古箏簡(jiǎn)譜的時(shí)候可以用到。
古箏的指法教程視頻:
初學(xué)古箏的指法口訣:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Et411v7pq/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
勾、托、抹、托指法:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JT4y1N7nx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
古箏指法抹、打:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Di4y1174c/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
古箏指法大撮:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Mi4y127Tt/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
練習(xí)曲子
曲子是一句一句,一段一段地練習(xí)的,練得多了自然就記住了,然后可以脫離琴譜練習(xí)。
代表曲目
古箏十大代表名曲有《漁舟唱晚》、《高山流水》、《寒鴉戲水》、《漢宮秋月》、《蕉窗夜雨》、《林沖夜奔》、《侗族舞曲》、《東海漁歌》、《香山射鼓》、《戰(zhàn)臺(tái)風(fēng)》。
《漁舟唱晚》是傳統(tǒng)的古箏獨(dú)奏名曲。一般以為此曲是婁樹(shù)華在20世紀(jì)三十年代中期,根據(jù)古曲《歸去來(lái)辭》的素材改編而成。取自唐朝詩(shī)人王勃的名篇《滕玉閣序》中的佳名:“漁舟唱晚,響窮彭蠡之濱”。
《高山流水》,為中國(guó)十大古曲之一。此曲最早見(jiàn)于我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最早的琴曲集《神奇秘譜》。樂(lè)曲取中國(guó)古代著名的音樂(lè)故事“伯牙摔琴謝知音”為題材,表現(xiàn)一種“巍巍乎若高山,洋洋乎若江?!钡木辰纭?/p>
《寒鴉戲水》寒鴉又名鷗鳥(niǎo),這是一首有名的潮州箏曲,是潮洲弦詩(shī)《軟套》十大曲中最富詩(shī)意的一首。
老師指導(dǎo)
學(xué)習(xí)古箏需要有一個(gè)好老師指導(dǎo),古箏作為一種并不那么容易學(xué)成的樂(lè)器,單靠自學(xué)是很困難的,因此需要找一個(gè)好老師。專(zhuān)業(yè)的好老師保證你能學(xué)到規(guī)范的指法、技巧和樂(lè)曲處理,不至于走彎路。
業(yè)余愛(ài)好者自學(xué)時(shí),雖然有入門(mén)教材的輔導(dǎo),但是自學(xué)難免會(huì)遇到許多不懂的地方,這時(shí)候就需要專(zhuān)業(yè)的老師進(jìn)行解答了。其實(shí)剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候可以看視頻資源、與許多古箏專(zhuān)業(yè)者或愛(ài)好者交流,不懂時(shí)還可以提出問(wèn)題,這樣總比自己一個(gè)人探索有用得多。
古箏是一門(mén)入門(mén)容易精通難的樂(lè)器,尤其是業(yè)余愛(ài)好者沒(méi)有人監(jiān)督,就更容易放棄,所以堅(jiān)持才能成功。
選擇古箏老師需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1、口碑;
大家選擇古箏老師的時(shí)候還是要非常注重口碑的,如果身邊有周?chē)呐笥言趯W(xué)習(xí)古箏,我們不妨參考一下朋友的意見(jiàn),老師的口碑如果好了,一般教學(xué)質(zhì)量都挺不錯(cuò)的。
2、要去試聽(tīng)課;
古箏課都是可以提前試聽(tīng)的,我們可以參加基礎(chǔ)的試聽(tīng)課程,如果你認(rèn)為老師講的可以很輕易的聽(tīng)得懂,而且講的有非常詳細(xì),老師人也比較好,那么就可以考慮選擇這個(gè)老師。
3、學(xué)歷;
老師的學(xué)歷也是比較重要的,我們?cè)谶x擇老師的時(shí)候我可以咨詢一下老師是哪里畢業(yè)的,如果老師是正規(guī)的音樂(lè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)的,那么他學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)會(huì)更加系統(tǒng),在教我們的時(shí)候條理會(huì)特別清楚。
4、專(zhuān)業(yè)性。
學(xué)習(xí)古箏還是非常需要老師的專(zhuān)業(yè)性的,老師水平比較高,比較專(zhuān)業(yè),那么我們的學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量也會(huì)更加的高。
自學(xué)選擇教材
1、《古箏基礎(chǔ)教程》
這本書(shū)分為古箏入門(mén)、古箏技法、古箏曲三個(gè)部分,是結(jié)合理論和實(shí)際的基礎(chǔ)教材。
2、《古箏入門(mén)》
這本書(shū)介紹古箏由易到難,循序漸進(jìn),介紹的比較詳細(xì),里面附帶很多箏曲。
3、《從零起步學(xué)古箏》
遵循從易及難的原則,從古箏最基本的指法講起,每種指法配以相應(yīng)的練習(xí)曲和樂(lè)曲。
我們學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候先學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),理論知識(shí)學(xué)會(huì)后可以在網(wǎng)上多看些古箏的教程,特別的視頻教程,可以在嗶哩嗶哩上選擇適合自己的配合教材學(xué)習(xí)。
不過(guò)剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)還是不建議自學(xué),畢竟我們對(duì)古箏琴音沒(méi)用正確的認(rèn)知,非常容易走入誤區(qū),只有在老師的帶領(lǐng)下,感受到老師正確的琴音,才能慢慢培養(yǎng)認(rèn)知,這個(gè)是教材和視頻代替不了的。
古箏考級(jí)
古箏考級(jí)分為1-10級(jí),其中1-4級(jí)為初級(jí),5-7級(jí)為中級(jí),8-10級(jí)為高級(jí),高級(jí)需要加考樂(lè)理。
按有關(guān)規(guī)定,古箏考級(jí)一般是從一級(jí)到十級(jí),由低到高逐級(jí)考評(píng),但由于考級(jí)工作一般都是每年進(jìn)行一次,而學(xué)古箏的每個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)情況不同,因此可跳級(jí)報(bào)考,如果古箏學(xué)習(xí)的比較好,可以直接報(bào)考六級(jí)考試。
六級(jí)考試屬于中等偏上的等級(jí)考試,考試相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,7級(jí)開(kāi)始考試難度會(huì)增加很多。
所以剛開(kāi)始考級(jí)的時(shí)候建議選擇古箏六級(jí)考試,下面給大家介紹一些六級(jí)考試曲目。
古箏六級(jí)曲目有哪些
古箏考級(jí)六級(jí)曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水蓮》、《崖山哀》、《慶豐年》 、《鬧元宵》 、《山丹丹開(kāi)花紅艷艷》等,根據(jù)考級(jí)版本不同可能略有區(qū)別,例如有音協(xié)考級(jí)、中央音樂(lè)學(xué)院考級(jí)、民族管弦學(xué)會(huì)考級(jí)等, 每個(gè)版本曲目和練習(xí)曲要求都不同。
考級(jí)的時(shí)候需要演奏兩首同一級(jí)別的曲目,六級(jí)曲目中高山流水、慶豐年 、出水蓮為必選曲目。六級(jí)考試的要求是加強(qiáng)各種音色變化、控制力的訓(xùn)練,并進(jìn)行一些特殊定弦樂(lè)曲的練習(xí),演奏上必須按照其指法特點(diǎn),應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)力度與音色的對(duì)比、演奏的投入及較好的音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)力。
調(diào)音器怎么用
古箏和吉他、鋼琴等樂(lè)器一樣都是需要調(diào)音的,最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是使用調(diào)音器進(jìn)行調(diào)音,具體的方法如下:
1、首先把調(diào)音器的電池裝好,長(zhǎng)按中間的開(kāi)關(guān)打開(kāi)調(diào)音器。
2、按開(kāi)關(guān)鍵把屏幕左下角的字換成“自動(dòng)”,按“M/T”鍵把屏幕右下角的字換成“古箏D”。
3、按上三角符號(hào)和下三角符號(hào)把左上角的數(shù)字換成“=440”。
4、把夾子夾到要調(diào)的那根弦的附近,這樣更能使調(diào)音器取到音。
5、用古箏指甲撥要調(diào)的那根弦,看調(diào)音器屏幕上的數(shù)字,如果顯示的數(shù)字比調(diào)的弦大,就說(shuō)明太松了,如果數(shù)字比調(diào)的弦小,就說(shuō)明太緊了,用調(diào)音扳手重新調(diào)整。
6、當(dāng)屏幕上的數(shù)值是所調(diào)的弦的數(shù)值,還要看調(diào)音器最上端的三個(gè)指示燈,如果左邊的紅燈亮了,就說(shuō)明有點(diǎn)偏緊了,如果右邊的紅燈亮了,就說(shuō)明有點(diǎn)偏松了,如果綠燈亮,就說(shuō)明這條弦已經(jīng)調(diào)好。
日常保養(yǎng)方法
一般情況下,相對(duì)濕度在50%-70%之間的空間內(nèi)使用古箏對(duì)箏的振動(dòng)和發(fā)音都比較有利,濕度低于50%容易引發(fā)箏體表面及底板開(kāi)裂,而濕度高于70%則易使面板吸潮,導(dǎo)致聲音發(fā)悶、余音減短、音色發(fā)暗。
1、古箏在使用時(shí)應(yīng)輕拿輕放,避免碰撞或劇烈震動(dòng)。
2、若在北方地區(qū)使用古箏,在琴下放一盆水,增加空氣濕度,防止開(kāi)裂。冬季時(shí)古箏不能靠近散熱的暖氣片,以免出現(xiàn)曝烈或變形的情況。
3、古箏使用后可用干軟布拭去琴弦上的汗?jié)n,以防琴弦生銹,不用時(shí)要以箏罩蓋好;
4、古箏應(yīng)經(jīng)常使用,這有利于琴弦張力的穩(wěn)定,也鞥促進(jìn)音色;
5、一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)琴音不準(zhǔn)時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)音;
6、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不用古箏,只要防潮、防曬、防灰即可,不可將其放在地上或掛在潮濕的墻上。濕氣較重時(shí),將古箏放入盒內(nèi),并在盒內(nèi)放入干燥劑。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)古箏要先有濃厚的興趣,興趣是最好的教師,沒(méi)有興趣學(xué)什么都提不起精力,只會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。因而學(xué)古箏必定要本人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的喜愛(ài),那樣才能學(xué)得更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUqcdKWOMoQ2MCxk7b5cyYGynZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解古箏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Js2Sde2sEoaOI2xSSx9cDN52nxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏又名漢箏、秦箏、瑤箏、鸞箏,是中國(guó)漢民族傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器中的箏樂(lè)器,屬于彈撥樂(lè)器。它是中國(guó)獨(dú)特的、重要的民族樂(lè)器之一。它的音色優(yōu)美,音域?qū)拸V、演奏技巧豐富,具有相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)力,因此它深受廣大人民群眾的喜愛(ài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqSwdcu8CoYMU4x4NhVcPyWYnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏的種類(lèi)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsM4d8GsOo4i4wx4KMKcGExAnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏分低檔古箏、中檔古箏、高檔古箏三種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIcedkyEGoQCoyxQf0ec8u3RnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、低檔古箏是由普通木板做出框架,做工較粗躁,以花梨酸枝木貼皮,這種古箏聲音較悶,彈不出古箏的韻味兒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqIedSOsooC680xcxrHchhUpnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、中檔古箏琴是由花梨木酸枝木胡桃木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用泡桐木,這種琴做工規(guī)范,彈出了古箏的韻味,但和中高檔琴比音色要遜色很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4CgdocWWoWQsaxGEPfcIYb2nqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中高檔古箏是采用黑檀木老紅木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用泡桐木,這種材料做出的古箏音色清脆,韻味漸濃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RasedGmieoG4E2xCY6Pc2CnVn8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、高檔古箏做工嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),選料精細(xì),采用紫檀木血檀(雪檀)木做古箏的琴頭琴尾,以及側(cè)板,面板采用優(yōu)質(zhì)泡桐木。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIoKdKiugoMYOoxmkiYc2iCan9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"近年雪檀已盡絕跡,紫檀也越來(lái)越少,這種材料做出的古箏音色純正,顆粒性強(qiáng),琴聲韻味十足,余音較長(zhǎng),即余音繞梁乃三日不絕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiSmdQeQwoeIU6x4uTdcRxfZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏分南北嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwSQd4eS0o6ciexy2x5co97JnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因?yàn)楸狈綒夂蚋稍?,古箏使用中容易開(kāi)裂,所以就流傳出南箏、北箏的說(shuō)法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8WMdwccmoG86cxcp95c39WFn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其實(shí)古箏是不分南北箏的,有些商家就是抓住了“古箏開(kāi)裂”這一痛點(diǎn),推出了南北箏這一概念。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyY6d8y6qo4mAIxikZicrvBCn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏是不分南北的,也就是不分南北用琴。古箏核心面板都是泡桐木,泡桐木產(chǎn)自河南蘭考,如果將河南產(chǎn)的面板拿回上海加工就成了南方古箏,拿回西安加工就成了北方古箏,這顯然是說(shuō)不通的。買(mǎi)古箏時(shí)最重要的是買(mǎi)適合自己的箏,且注意對(duì)其保養(yǎng)就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEYkdm4CKoWK0oxiiCEcHb4Pnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYC4dAYuEoMQ00xGSwZcDIVZndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏是中國(guó)古老的民族樂(lè)器,距今已有兩千五百多年的歷史。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RW8SdoI2GoKcwaxk1mSch5uKnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)古箏有21根弦。從最細(xì)的弦到最粗的弦,依次編號(hào)為1~21。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcyd60waoiSGQxMiSwcACaJn5X"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":427,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56dc34e2e3a407f9d8569a2e36541e7","width":640},"text":"","id":"VmeGdAcKwow6G4xohIFchRxznge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8KsdaGW8ocyw2xOyPwcWzcFnlH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最初的古箏,只有5根弦。經(jīng)秦國(guó)著名將蒙恬改造后,古箏發(fā)展到12弦。在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下,應(yīng)該說(shuō)是對(duì)古箏成功的改革。12弦古箏延續(xù)使用了數(shù)百年,直到唐朝后期才出現(xiàn)了13弦古箏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYyudcMAioMSWMxsvuVcfdIWnPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,古箏的弦數(shù)也越來(lái)越多,音域也越來(lái)越寬。出現(xiàn)了16弦、18弦、19弦、21弦、23弦、25弦等,直到今天,發(fā)展成為通用的21弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKk0dMSSyoSOKMxaAIUch9PsnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箏身長(zhǎng)1.63米的21弦古箏,被稱(chēng)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箏。箏弦,也由過(guò)去的絲,動(dòng)物筋等生物性材料制作,改為現(xiàn)在的鋼絲弦和尼龍纏弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OuGadOM6YoeG8WxE9T2cdmmvnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隨著箏弦的增加,箏的體積也在增大。發(fā)展到今天,已成為一種古樸典雅的民族樂(lè)器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoqMdG4Ioo6mCsxeizGc3TaEn7d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUoSdQg6moSsSMxOQVycQkZYnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏的定義:彈撥弦鳴樂(lè)器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaEQdGYgOoEKKIx3DTPcW9QRngE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一共有 21 根琴弦,包含 17 根弦和 4 根綠弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQWYdEiSmoEgwyxaWc9c7lwan9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":405,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/adba970d86b842058bf1571fc3adf8c8","width":855},"text":"","id":"SkAsdOUe0oGOGcxYDIycO1H8ncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、琴弦:現(xiàn)多用尼龍纏弦,以不同型號(hào)的鋼絲外面纏以尼龍絲制成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKW6dgiMWouMk2xQpcPcHzSznYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、琴碼(又稱(chēng):雁柱):支撐琴弦,琴碼的右側(cè)為演奏區(qū)域,左側(cè)為左手補(bǔ)韻的裝飾音區(qū)域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGS4dGEC2o4iqSx2liLcEjtdnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、岳山:分為前岳山,后岳山,分別鑲嵌在琴面板的首部和尾部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYoOdAKe0ok0Mox5TYuck83BnBJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、面板:琴面略有弧度的木板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKcsdCqQcoskEwxgdpOcJcXdn7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、調(diào)弦盒:內(nèi)有弦軸,用于調(diào)音;琴盒內(nèi)可以放指甲,琴扳手等物件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cs4GdYu4MoqQkKxgXT5cofbsnYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)SOL","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HowmdCQKooaWgCx2x60c0ympnhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":258,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)SOL","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2f6a1b3049b04321bd68e010868702e9","width":865},"text":"","id":"WeWmdsYowoUcySxwhcTcvdqZn1e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)簡(jiǎn)譜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAS2dg8Ego6sg4xeAymcNBTCnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡(jiǎn)譜:簡(jiǎn)譜中用以表示音的高低及相互關(guān)系的基本符號(hào)為七個(gè)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,即1、2、3、4、5、6、7,唱作do、re、mi、fa、sol、la、xi,稱(chēng)為唱名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGEcdoWOUoyuQcxyIb1cFQXEnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名:do re mi fa sol la xi","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TyuydE4wwoq6YcxAFDkcsUgYnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名:C D E F G A B 這個(gè)就是用來(lái)記固定音高的符號(hào)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JAuKdmEmqoK0ooxOOeUcl6S4nqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在簡(jiǎn)譜中表達(dá)高低音一般會(huì)在上下兩個(gè)方向添加小圓點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MSQgd4sO0oOcq0xiqQIceHvdn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中音是1234567那么低音表達(dá)就是在這些數(shù)字現(xiàn)面加一個(gè)小圓點(diǎn),高音就是在數(shù)字上面加一點(diǎn),上面加二個(gè)點(diǎn)為倍高音,加三個(gè)點(diǎn)為超高音。反之下面亦如此為倍低音、超低音等以此類(lèi)推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAiKd4wQYoGAumxMz3BctbsMnRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":172,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)簡(jiǎn)譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03b2fb29978a4a519db2f44835e33dad","width":620},"text":"","id":"CsMAd40c0ooo8Wx6tvgcg4PRn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了音的高低外,簡(jiǎn)譜還有一個(gè)重要的因素就是音的長(zhǎng)短,簡(jiǎn)譜音的長(zhǎng)短有多種表達(dá)方式,如基本的加小橫線的方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKaGdyu4yoIuwgxojevc0EAOnbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":168,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)簡(jiǎn)譜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8b352af536345dca9a6fc9665d5b1b4","width":682},"text":"","id":"HW2SdKEeIo82y4xk1iuceeCBnWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果還不太懂的朋友,可以看看古箏簡(jiǎn)譜入門(mén)課程,介紹的非常詳細(xì):","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xE411x7Wh/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQygdKaa2ooigOxgXmkcFxzZnzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五聲調(diào)音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D8GMdAuGooA0guxmIjWcMCutnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏采用的是五聲音節(jié),由這五個(gè)音構(gòu)成的調(diào)式是五聲調(diào)式。所以古箏琴弦上沒(méi)有4(fa)和7(si)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUKcdsqIqowcykxFxh5c01jknEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五聲調(diào)音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/210286ec53e74bf789a0ec4043213e05","width":953},"text":"","id":"NOK2dUqQ8oKw0CxAMQdcXzbsn4y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIsydGQ0CoYoAax6D4MclV5EnOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分組","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcI0daSqKoQuWixCWNucDkbgnie"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":614,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分組","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9101cd449a1848bd9f7199255fcf12c7","width":811},"text":"","id":"XyugdUYMooiWGGxYdZVcx7bln28"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":671,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"琴弦排列分組","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1785101667e48d995a32b7807f94433","width":793},"text":"","id":"KwAIdKA4Qo0QUwxmkuFcm3t2nbh"}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"箏架和姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoCqdaCEioC44gxaYVXctHeYn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彈箏的姿勢(shì)有多種,一般采用坐式,要求坐姿端正,精神飽滿、動(dòng)作自然。古代采用過(guò)盤(pán)式、跪式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VwW6dYSO6oQ444xuGzLcTsywnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于流派的不同,箏的放置位置、箏架、琴凳也不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSOkdwWkUoWUOWxiymTcM5P8nSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有的用琴桌式箏架,有的用類(lèi)似人字形的箏架,還有的就放在腿上演奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYQsdWgwmoMUqGxkNZPcpl8XnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"采用琴桌式箏架比較穩(wěn)因、牢靠,琴桌的面板有助于箏的共鳴。琴桌的大小應(yīng)適當(dāng),恰好放穩(wěn)箏的四個(gè)角;箏與琴桌之間有一定的空隙,以便于出音;琴桌的高低適合放腿為宜。此外,琴桌的造型應(yīng)美觀大方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQkQdcsksoieC2xcJVIcJ1JMn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箏架和姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d12893778e954af9aa69660779580887","width":636},"text":"","id":"PQ48du20koKoSSxSAKXczsIHn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用類(lèi)似人字形折疊箏架,應(yīng)注意箏體能放置平穩(wěn),避免演奏中搖晃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkyidCm8koIwQyxmQGdcdEkEnle"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箏架和姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/421c2b42642b4606b6d45b3b04efab57","width":579},"text":"","id":"T8wydgECGoi0qqxYlVQcYLPAnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如采用小箏放在腿上演奏,小箏箏頭底部應(yīng)加箏托,以防止上身過(guò)前傾,腿部不要擋住出音孔,琴凳不要過(guò)高,箏尾支架的高度應(yīng)與琴凳高度相當(dāng)或略高。琴凳離箏體要近,尤其彈奏寬大的、弦數(shù)多的箏,一般身體前側(cè)距箏體大約有6厘米至10厘米,應(yīng)坐在靠近前岳山的位置上,坐的高低位置,應(yīng)以方便演奏,便充分發(fā)揮技巧為原則。身體離琴過(guò)遠(yuǎn),將使右手演奏困難,影響對(duì)觸弦的控制;離琴過(guò)近,左手按弦困難,右手撥弦不方便;坐的位置過(guò)高時(shí),上身容易前傾;坐的位置過(guò)低時(shí),容易緊張。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6MQdMU42ou2yaxugIWcVCEdnrd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":741,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箏架和姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9c96a8e7759c4cdba7e8c0edd9a6d55a","width":733},"text":"","id":"ZKEgdC6SOo4OqUxUVOqcaQu7nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彈箏的姿勢(shì),一般采用坐式,演奏者坐的姿勢(shì)應(yīng)該是:兩腿自然分開(kāi),上身端正,兩臂和雙手松弛而自然抬起,精神飽滿,態(tài)度自然。在演奏時(shí)既不要駝背也不要過(guò)分挺胸;既不要拘緊,也不要松垮。切忌搖頭晃腦、腳打拍子等壞毛病。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tam0dyU2socEowxMb3acblynnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的演奏姿勢(shì)是:右腳蹬在固定箏架的踏板上,頭部略俯視,雙手按樂(lè)曲開(kāi)頭的指法自然伸出,做好彈奏準(zhǔn)備。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECo4dYk6eocISgxma3TcC9tMnRg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"箏架和姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f8c264448484b8e99ed16776f541d40","width":781},"text":"","id":"HkaAdIAKQoYIAcx29lLcmxLgnBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何選擇古箏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWaadMuCooqgKcxQrKRcAe8Ln1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏的統(tǒng)一規(guī)格為:1.63米,21弦。一臺(tái)古箏的音質(zhì)取決于面板和琴弦,面板以陽(yáng)面中段為最佳,陽(yáng)面是指整株桐木置于水中,露出水面的一面為陽(yáng)面,去頭斬尾為中段,一般以9-12年樹(shù)齡的桐木為最佳,尤以河南蘭考的桐木為最佳,沙土地,木質(zhì)疏松,利于音質(zhì)的傳導(dǎo)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Casmdyo0OoS2Cqxe4BrcTQQtnOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":456,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何選擇古箏","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e08a4cdc236647d6914a8d4011e3d006","width":600},"text":"","id":"VOeqd0GAGoW4auxQhlQcxX7Tnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學(xué)者在購(gòu)買(mǎi)古箏的時(shí)候一般不知道如何選擇,市場(chǎng)上售賣(mài)的有練習(xí)箏、演奏古箏兩種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAqidceYIoGg60xsDc7c3THenff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)箏的制作較為簡(jiǎn)單,一般都是不包邊的,而演奏箏的工藝更復(fù)雜,也更精美。 同時(shí),會(huì)因?yàn)槟绢^的品質(zhì),和穿弦孔的工藝不同而導(dǎo)致音色和手感的不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EY6adusu0oIKo6xgRopcF34Lnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演出箏對(duì)音色的要求更嚴(yán)格,音色要亮,所以價(jià)格一般比練習(xí)箏的價(jià)格貴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMWEd2MgaoM0aUxWSYuczrwgnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單也簡(jiǎn)單,但是要讓這簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)出美妙的音樂(lè)就是技術(shù)活了。決定音色品質(zhì)重要的部分是面板的等級(jí),其次箏碼、整體做工、制作工藝等,邊板材質(zhì)起到裝飾古箏的作用,不建議作為選箏的重點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OskmdkmgEougSuxs8wZcDmzOnzY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏作為樂(lè)器其音色品質(zhì)才是其價(jià)值的體現(xiàn),而價(jià)值也是決定價(jià)格的原因,這也就是為什么古箏的價(jià)格會(huì)有如此大的差異。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZoWodYoUCosEmAxMhowcdZO3nEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們選購(gòu)古箏的時(shí)候首先要考慮古箏的音色問(wèn)題,購(gòu)買(mǎi)音色較好的古箏,如果是作為古箏學(xué)習(xí)者,練習(xí)箏也不要買(mǎi)太次的,那會(huì)影響自己的聽(tīng)力,和審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0ed48aoo8OUIxg2KlcUobenzm"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)古箏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ewqqdo4ssoEewUxojhWcMkLgnRY"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)戴義甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L4w6dsweUocYCSxuYgqcHIlPnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大指:將義甲戴在指肚上,向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYiSdKoKyoQ68axY9wEcuRn5n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)戴義甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8ef5651cc3549cb8629ebe19a9f43bf","width":136},"text":"","id":"A0CKdYKwOoy0aaxCUGucy5WvnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"食指、中指:將義甲戴在指肚上,順指甲生長(zhǎng)方向直戴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IUO6dm4SYo0mSyxuKPicyXMhnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":112,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)戴義甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6f907e9573e4362a717f7ea0e478c52","width":136},"text":"","id":"E6Wkdgg6yoyGuAxyUqYcaCT7nzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意:佩戴時(shí)義甲不要擋住手指的關(guān)節(jié);膠布的一半應(yīng)覆蓋在自己本身的指甲上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgwmdyAWgomkMexMV43cJF1GnUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOYcd2McCoUW2kxDTPCc0XyinbM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏指甲首先要選擇合適自身手指的長(zhǎng)度,選擇的指甲要和自己的手指第一節(jié)的長(zhǎng)度相匹配,通常都是選擇中號(hào)。指甲面選擇寬點(diǎn)、上方尖點(diǎn),不需要太厚的指甲面。古箏指甲材質(zhì)很多,有塑料、樹(shù)脂、玳瑁的,三種材質(zhì)對(duì)比,玳瑁的比其它兩種的好,對(duì)琴弦沒(méi)有多大的磨損,但價(jià)格比較貴,塑料和樹(shù)脂對(duì)琴弦的磨損就比較嚴(yán)重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BgIsdWoAuoA04Ix8gSicDKB8nec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇指甲","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2fdb9f2bd254aceab730d7785e6d351","width":500},"text":"","id":"Pym0dWasEoCOcCxeYctcQBwznRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑選玳瑁方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSa0dCkSsomgiwxSupvc10yEnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、強(qiáng)光照射法:把玳瑁放在太陽(yáng)底下或者電筒光下投射,如果看見(jiàn)花紋、透明血絲狀在甲片里,就是真品。偽劣產(chǎn)品呈現(xiàn)的血絲在甲面上是片狀的,還有斑紋呆板或者團(tuán)塊狀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYiAdGmwOoQW66xYZzecduXanef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、燃燒法:刮一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的指甲點(diǎn)燃,或者用加熱的針觸碰指甲面,真品就會(huì)散發(fā)出燒焦頭發(fā)的味道,偽劣產(chǎn)品是散發(fā)其它的味道,比如樟腦的味道、塑膠的味道、醋味等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWcqdMKakoqsAcxE5Twc5Jeunsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmE8ducyyo4co8x4qOdc67ozn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏的琴弦有21根弦,共有兩種顏色,白色琴弦、綠色(或紅色)琴弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcggdywqgooEk0xc7RmcGYOcnhf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ad9fb924473f4c03acde04ea2d49c706","width":627},"text":"","id":"Py4udAGwIoyM2SxI9QvcNGiFnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"綠色(或紅色)琴弦都唱“5”(sol),共有四根綠色(或紅色)琴弦,有粗有細(xì),由細(xì)到粗,分別代表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UkAGdSks4o4a42xE3RUchFYonSg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":34,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分辨琴弦","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45746576255f47eba05e8d49cce59e0f","width":138},"text":"","id":"QO8qdGyMKoISY0x8HXsc3G9fnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高音5;中音5;低音5;倍低音5","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqgAd8aeKoOiacxSAKBcZm37nXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一根到第五根琴弦為倍低音,表示方法是在1、2、3、5、6下面加兩個(gè)點(diǎn);接下來(lái)五根弦是低音,在1、2、3、5、6,下面點(diǎn)一個(gè)點(diǎn);在后面五根弦是中音區(qū),1、2、3、5、6。接下來(lái)是高音區(qū),五根弦1、2、3、5、6上方加一個(gè)點(diǎn);最后一根為倍高音do,1上面加兩個(gè)點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOUAdgmSMoO4qmxSwkGcsOolnzd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)古箏步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIYAduAaMocSc4xmaNxcbfv4n5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彈古箏,首先要保持正確的姿勢(shì)。兩只手的食指、中指、大指依次配戴好指甲,你可以買(mǎi)兩卷醫(yī)用膠帶,一卷放手上保持手背的平直,另一卷用來(lái)配戴指甲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ww8CdKY24osSMyxikNIcZpDUnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"眼睛平視樂(lè)譜,身體坐好,接下來(lái)開(kāi)始古箏的練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWU0dmaEoouCqmxmUyJchz6anPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"佩戴指甲","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eae0d0gmwoOmAGx5kVkc8DotnJi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彈奏古箏之前先要佩戴好指甲,指甲的大小應(yīng)和手指第一關(guān)節(jié)差不多,戴在第一關(guān)節(jié)往上一點(diǎn),膠布纏在第一關(guān)節(jié)中間,不要影響關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)處,大指纏帶方法與其他指不同,假指甲向內(nèi)與指尖呈45度角,左右相對(duì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Py6KdC6A2oqAeIxsWSacpJQTnhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉古箏音階","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CIamdqmM4oIQK8xFiU7cIdgtnnB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音樂(lè)的七個(gè)基本音階1(do)2(re)3(mi)4(fa)5(sol)6(la)7(si),古箏是五聲音階,沒(méi)有4和7,只有1、2、3、5、6。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BYuodGiS2oeIIOxo5nWcYXIznog"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)古箏指法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uei0dOkumo2uo0xMZihcN2F7ned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏演奏中常用到指法:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"勾、托、抹、劈、剔、挑、提、花指、搖指、琶音、泛音、按音、揉音、大撮、小撮、顫音、滑音等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOCkdWckAoGiy6x2qkMcpWGMnSw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)古箏指法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f50e4f02d7be4a26a373054d024d01e9","width":400},"text":"","id":"Ly2YdeGkwo2GE4xw7UrcLifxn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"托-大拇指向外彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqQMdISAIoGU2YxUUaXcJOaxnPS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"劈-大拇指向里彈弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoEMd4qwcoYMocxKunIcsFP3nNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抹-食指向里彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WEYodoe4Eo8SaMx23swcdV8Wnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挑-食指向外彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIOgdwWQQoqQCUxqEhWcQngdnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"勾-中指向里彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OEeQdk48uoEYKGxmIQMcoip5nkA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"剔-中指向外彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HUmudO8GCoswm2xOaqGczMLCnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提-無(wú)名指向里彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUOEd4OqkoukyWx0KFhcJ0rsnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"連托-大拇指向外連續(xù)彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcgIdqiE2oWksYxyiCMcjzaynYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"連抹-食指向外連續(xù)彈弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuogdEcIIoaQyuxeOHzcc2KvnOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大撮-大拇指向外,中指向里同時(shí)彈兩弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6WQdA8UqouOMYxsJxFchTwcnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小撮-大拇指向外,食指向里同時(shí)彈兩弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QgUAdG2OKoKseQxYzsYcsV2WnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙托-大拇指同時(shí)向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KK6gdm8uqoEmGIxsfWxcc2Odnch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙抹-食指同時(shí)向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQcidU04WoimIUxai8dcbd6SnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八度雙托-大拇指向外彈奏鄰近的兩弦,同時(shí)中指在低八度另一音,三陰同時(shí)奏響。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qsa2dY2A6ogeQWxld5OcV31GnJG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搖指-大拇指連續(xù)托劈。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWsudc6GsoYCwsxElKscG9kbnpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"琶音-左手或右手用三個(gè)或四個(gè)手指按順序彈奏不同的音。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyAMdKoE6o2MCox8GDJctDKUntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"泛音-左手食指在發(fā)音弦1/2處輕貼弦,右手彈弦發(fā)音。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0AadE2m6o2k8IxYFDjctDj7nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花指-大拇指迅速連托數(shù)弦。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"No48dE2k0oyoGwxZa0hcSJFLnJv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上刮奏-在箏弦上由低音向高音的劃奏。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H8O4dAe40o4CCwx6fYGcpAalnre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下刮奏-在箏弦上由高音向低音的劃奏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwaSdY8Eeo6IOAx2ni6cSerGnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"揉音或顫音-根據(jù)音樂(lè)的不同風(fēng)格分類(lèi),是揉音類(lèi)的,揉動(dòng)較平和;是顫音類(lèi)的,音波較密,也較有地方風(fēng)格。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWoIdk64eo6UKYxkfExccfF8n2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重顫音-用力較重的顫音。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qyy4d62AmogESAxCuv1cX406nWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按音-在弦上按出的音。?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nua0di2SqowiuexSGLAcd10WnEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上滑音-右手彈弦后,左手按弦,使音由低向高滑動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQ2QdIikooWOe0xWs5ncnQjBn6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ext":"","id":"XgGadK2yooaC8ExBEgZcQ2hdntK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《高山流水》,為中國(guó)十大古曲之一。此曲最早見(jiàn)于我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最早的琴曲集《神奇秘譜》。樂(lè)曲取中國(guó)古代著名的音樂(lè)故事“伯牙摔琴謝知音”為題材,表現(xiàn)一種“巍巍乎若高山,洋洋乎若江?!钡木辰纭?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"LQOydgqKGoy4akx8dYtcaEqxnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)曲子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de46261c876446539f5117ba44dd9833","width":690},"text":"","id":"EQI6dkeUIoYiqQxIvqjc0Q0Znwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《寒鴉戲水》寒鴉又名鷗鳥(niǎo),這是一首有名的潮州箏曲,是潮洲弦詩(shī)《軟套》十大曲中最富詩(shī)意的一首。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HaOAdW6iooKUICxmgiYcygK6nrh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)曲子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f1a844a585c43b89f1609f88f724ca9","width":1111},"text":"","id":"JoqKdWKGaoi4U6xIJn0cFXNqnFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"老師指導(dǎo)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Du2odIcE6omcmExaS4Bc8youn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)古箏需要有一個(gè)好老師指導(dǎo),古箏作為一種并不那么容易學(xué)成的樂(lè)器,單靠自學(xué)是很困難的,因此需要找一個(gè)好老師。專(zhuān)業(yè)的好老師保證你能學(xué)到規(guī)范的指法、技巧和樂(lè)曲處理,不至于走彎路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DieUdKSu6oukA8xaRJXch8nXnob"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"老師指導(dǎo)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/950d6fda04394931aac13686ff8bb323","width":500},"text":"","id":"QUQkdy2uwommqAx8lUEcUvymnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"業(yè)余愛(ài)好者自學(xué)時(shí),雖然有入門(mén)教材的輔導(dǎo),但是自學(xué)難免會(huì)遇到許多不懂的地方,這時(shí)候就需要專(zhuān)業(yè)的老師進(jìn)行解答了。其實(shí)剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候可以看視頻資源、與許多古箏專(zhuān)業(yè)者或愛(ài)好者交流,不懂時(shí)還可以提出問(wèn)題,這樣總比自己一個(gè)人探索有用得多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E4G2dYkG6oaA4ixWk1HcU4HCnOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏是一門(mén)入門(mén)容易精通難的樂(lè)器,尤其是業(yè)余愛(ài)好者沒(méi)有人監(jiān)督,就更容易放棄,所以堅(jiān)持才能成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZieUdu6EooEwakxATBJcfmYInub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇古箏老師需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SA4wdiQaCoqKcexErRHc6ST2nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、口碑;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUMdCAEcosOqkxSAqlcKYhNnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大家選擇古箏老師的時(shí)候還是要非常注重口碑的,如果身邊有周?chē)呐笥言趯W(xué)習(xí)古箏,我們不妨參考一下朋友的意見(jiàn),老師的口碑如果好了,一般教學(xué)質(zhì)量都挺不錯(cuò)的。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOsdo8SwoAeuWx8hK6cFkmgnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、要去試聽(tīng)課;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wmu6dY0sooI2uqxI3dncj9EVnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏課都是可以提前試聽(tīng)的,我們可以參加基礎(chǔ)的試聽(tīng)課程,如果你認(rèn)為老師講的可以很輕易的聽(tīng)得懂,而且講的有非常詳細(xì),老師人也比較好,那么就可以考慮選擇這個(gè)老師。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mgq6dEKSYoKiamxi2becA1BSnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、學(xué)歷;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECuedEK2CouWAsx2rDvcv01Cnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老師的學(xué)歷也是比較重要的,我們?cè)谶x擇老師的時(shí)候我可以咨詢一下老師是哪里畢業(yè)的,如果老師是正規(guī)的音樂(lè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)的,那么他學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)會(huì)更加系統(tǒng),在教我們的時(shí)候條理會(huì)特別清楚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM2sdMGcMoA0gkxodKUcQvdmnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、專(zhuān)業(yè)性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUUEdW2IooWGCix63Eeco0BDnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)古箏還是非常需要老師的專(zhuān)業(yè)性的,老師水平比較高,比較專(zhuān)業(yè),那么我們的學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量也會(huì)更加的高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8aedu822oa4i4x6Y47cai0rnch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自學(xué)選擇教材","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JmWOduKeIocuGoxaIpUcsUmnnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《古箏基礎(chǔ)教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAoAdyG6MomiooxcfgFcjcFgn6U"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":611,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自學(xué)選擇教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48f66ba9946b4a24b082b07c146e28ea","width":440},"text":"","id":"AsqQd062WoEmWGxWaofcrgAonTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這本書(shū)分為古箏入門(mén)、古箏技法、古箏曲三個(gè)部分,是結(jié)合理論和實(shí)際的基礎(chǔ)教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwGKdkeiqow0mqxuEYfcrVytnsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《古箏入門(mén)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8SAd0MQcoASuUxA9w6cfKhSnpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自學(xué)選擇教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/08ab75b97b1a4c9299cca6fe32606ef3","width":372},"text":"","id":"RomcdOeUOoAGmexq5vMcmts8nLQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這本書(shū)介紹古箏由易到難,循序漸進(jìn),介紹的比較詳細(xì),里面附帶很多箏曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JoeSdO6ScocQKaxGyUrcynY9nGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《從零起步學(xué)古箏》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYEWdo2QGoAiW4x82RwcxJ5Dnbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":431,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自學(xué)選擇教材","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/14cff81fa3db43d3b3ccf979850af338","width":428},"text":"","id":"XgcodsU4Oo8WMsxI9sXcGQXdnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遵循從易及難的原則,從古箏最基本的指法講起,每種指法配以相應(yīng)的練習(xí)曲和樂(lè)曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KSISduQOsoWecIxC0X7cXITlnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候先學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),理論知識(shí)學(xué)會(huì)后可以在網(wǎng)上多看些古箏的教程,特別的視頻教程,可以在嗶哩嗶哩上選擇適合自己的配合教材學(xué)習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AUMKdWAC6o0u6oxA7BacdZDgn3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不過(guò)剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)還是不建議自學(xué),畢竟我們對(duì)古箏琴音沒(méi)用正確的認(rèn)知,非常容易走入誤區(qū),只有在老師的帶領(lǐng)下,感受到老師正確的琴音,才能慢慢培養(yǎng)認(rèn)知,這個(gè)是教材和視頻代替不了的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eodmCuuo2uAcxkFHUc6bUbnwh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏考級(jí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0uadkk4QoAUS2xsxAAcCpMDnE8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏考級(jí)分為1-10級(jí),其中1-4級(jí)為初級(jí),5-7級(jí)為中級(jí),8-10級(jí)為高級(jí),高級(jí)需要加考樂(lè)理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GsQSdysC6oim0MxgdB3cw5sFnS1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按有關(guān)規(guī)定,古箏考級(jí)一般是從一級(jí)到十級(jí),由低到高逐級(jí)考評(píng),但由于考級(jí)工作一般都是每年進(jìn)行一次,而學(xué)古箏的每個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)情況不同,因此可跳級(jí)報(bào)考,如果古箏學(xué)習(xí)的比較好,可以直接報(bào)考六級(jí)考試。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIEgdEwucoCW4AxKg8Rc6ht8nOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六級(jí)考試屬于中等偏上的等級(jí)考試,考試相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,7級(jí)開(kāi)始考試難度會(huì)增加很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oceod2UwMokGEExymi2c2Roenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以剛開(kāi)始考級(jí)的時(shí)候建議選擇古箏六級(jí)考試,下面給大家介紹一些六級(jí)考試曲目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSiYdaiMyo4waMx6ln3cru6cnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏六級(jí)曲目有哪些","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6GGdCq0Io2oGgxmsa5c0g1enWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏考級(jí)六級(jí)曲目一般包括《高山流水》、《柳青娘》 、《出水蓮》、《崖山哀》、《慶豐年》 、《鬧元宵》 、《山丹丹開(kāi)花紅艷艷》等,根據(jù)考級(jí)版本不同可能略有區(qū)別,例如有音協(xié)考級(jí)、中央音樂(lè)學(xué)院考級(jí)、民族管弦學(xué)會(huì)考級(jí)等, 每個(gè)版本曲目和練習(xí)曲要求都不同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwQ2dykUioEcsQxMhWGc66VanQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考級(jí)的時(shí)候需要演奏兩首同一級(jí)別的曲目,六級(jí)曲目中高山流水、慶豐年 、出水蓮為必選曲目。六級(jí)考試的要求是加強(qiáng)各種音色變化、控制力的訓(xùn)練,并進(jìn)行一些特殊定弦樂(lè)曲的練習(xí),演奏上必須按照其指法特點(diǎn),應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)力度與音色的對(duì)比、演奏的投入及較好的音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmQ0dycMko6YsWx4lbfcKPw8ngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":324,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏考級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd537635370403b832a02ee381f4f0c","width":500},"text":"","id":"LycidwCQgoMkYaxiIhccjVgenlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"調(diào)音器怎么用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWQedeKaAoYgmOxk3tkcchGMnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古箏和吉他、鋼琴等樂(lè)器一樣都是需要調(diào)音的,最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是使用調(diào)音器進(jìn)行調(diào)音,具體的方法如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y4UkdOisSouiqqx04n2cQL7ynef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先把調(diào)音器的電池裝好,長(zhǎng)按中間的開(kāi)關(guān)打開(kāi)調(diào)音器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X8o2dCeQ4okOKkxLEfTcFq0Rnyz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、按開(kāi)關(guān)鍵把屏幕左下角的字換成“自動(dòng)”,按“M/T”鍵把屏幕右下角的字換成“古箏D”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMeedwaquouuSMx8Wa3cbWlGnHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、按上三角符號(hào)和下三角符號(hào)把左上角的數(shù)字換成“=440”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUOmdsE88oqCKuxiMR0cwxg6ncd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"調(diào)音器怎么用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfa14c104dd04f6ebf801b5b7ed81928","width":500},"text":"","id":"PiqAdWGK0oeIO2x8RIkcSNw1nih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、把夾子夾到要調(diào)的那根弦的附近,這樣更能使調(diào)音器取到音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OoKsd2KeKoogIQxYZlVcbRNynNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、用古箏指甲撥要調(diào)的那根弦,看調(diào)音器屏幕上的數(shù)字,如果顯示的數(shù)字比調(diào)的弦大,就說(shuō)明太松了,如果數(shù)字比調(diào)的弦小,就說(shuō)明太緊了,用調(diào)音扳手重新調(diào)整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OCUWdQswQoWw2ex6a0xczPpEnMw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、當(dāng)屏幕上的數(shù)值是所調(diào)的弦的數(shù)值,還要看調(diào)音器最上端的三個(gè)指示燈,如果左邊的紅燈亮了,就說(shuō)明有點(diǎn)偏緊了,如果右邊的紅燈亮了,就說(shuō)明有點(diǎn)偏松了,如果綠燈亮,就說(shuō)明這條弦已經(jīng)調(diào)好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQMOdM2oAoiWwkxCedPcpxPPnYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日常保養(yǎng)方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LwMQdiQ6ioCgWMxkzSNckqZZnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情況下,相對(duì)濕度在50%-70%之間的空間內(nèi)使用古箏對(duì)箏的振動(dòng)和發(fā)音都比較有利,濕度低于50%容易引發(fā)箏體表面及底板開(kāi)裂,而濕度高于70%則易使面板吸潮,導(dǎo)致聲音發(fā)悶、余音減短、音色發(fā)暗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuwydOGMeow8YuxK6acc5jZGnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、古箏在使用時(shí)應(yīng)輕拿輕放,避免碰撞或劇烈震動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOUadYwmOoeauyxaU9Zc9GLanKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、若在北方地區(qū)使用古箏,在琴下放一盆水,增加空氣濕度,防止開(kāi)裂。冬季時(shí)古箏不能靠近散熱的暖氣片,以免出現(xiàn)曝烈或變形的情況。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOgGdiUYEogkGUxQPwZceLE8nXN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、古箏使用后可用干軟布拭去琴弦上的汗?jié)n,以防琴弦生銹,不用時(shí)要以箏罩蓋好;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YiQ6dsMEoo0Q4OxIziuc8BuhnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、古箏應(yīng)經(jīng)常使用,這有利于琴弦張力的穩(wěn)定,也鞥促進(jìn)音色;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwWSdGcsUosIkSxGwBwcC9CNnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)琴音不準(zhǔn)時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)音;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BayydyEcuosscIxoTtecL49Lnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不用古箏,只要防潮、防曬、防灰即可,不可將其放在地上或掛在潮濕的墻上。濕氣較重時(shí),將古箏放入盒內(nèi),并在盒內(nèi)放入干燥劑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeIgd28k6oce84xQj8PcI2FFn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2audQQWwo4Syexa8NacE2HWnwb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E